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Johannes Wilhelm "Hans" Goldschmidt (January 18, 1861 – May 21, 1923) was a German chemist. ==Biography== He was born in Berlin on January 18, 1861. He was a student of Robert Bunsen. His father, Theodor Goldschmidt, was the founder of the chemical company ''Chemische Fabrik Th. Goldschmidt'' which eventually became part of the modern company Degussa, and Hans and his brother Karl managed this company for many years.〔 〕〔History of the "Th. Goldschmidt AG" company: http://history.evonik.com/sites/geschichte/en/chemicals/history/goldschmidt/pages/default.aspx .〕 He is principally noted as the co-inventor of sodium amalgam and the initial patent holder of the thermite reaction.〔('U. S. patent to Hans Goldschmidt, No. 578,868. In this patent the patentee acknowledges that the alumino-thermic reaction was well known and had been used previously for producing metals and alloys.' )〕 The thermite (or aluminothermic) reaction is one in which aluminum metal is oxidized by an oxide of another metal, usually iron oxide, producing great heat in the process. Goldschmidt was originally interested in producing very pure metals by avoiding the use of carbon in smelting, but he soon realized the value in welding, a process known as thermic welding. It is also used in incendiary devices. This process is sometimes called the "Goldschmidt reaction" or "Goldschmidt process", because he furthered its development and patented it in 1895.〔〔H. Goldschmidt, "Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallen oder Metalloiden oder Legierungen derselben" (Process for the production of metals or metalloids or alloys of the same), Deutsche Reichs Patent no. 96317 (13 March 1895).〕 He would also go on to publish an extensive paper on it in 1898.〔Goldschmidt, H., "Über ein neues Verfahren zur Erzeugung von hohen Temperaturen und zur Darstellung von schwer schmelzbaren kohlefreien Metallen" (On a new method for the production of high temperatures and for the preparation of refractory carbon-free metals), ''Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie'', vol. 4, pages 494–499 (1898)〕〔Goldschmidt, H., "Verfahren zur Erzeugung hoher Temperaturen" (Method for the production of high temperatures), ''Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie'', vol. 6, pages 53–57 (1899).〕 He died on May 21, 1923. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hans Goldschmidt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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